Bird of prey predation and conflict thread

[Supercommunist]

Birds of prey are among the most impressive predators for their size so I figure they deserve their own thread:

Golden eagles kill semi-domestic reindeer

bioone.org/journals/wildlife-biology/volume-12/issue-4/0909-6396_2006_12_393_PBGEAC_2.0.CO_2/Predation-by-golden-eagle-Aquila-chrysaetos-on-semi-domesticated-reindeer/10.2981/0909-6396(2006)12[393:PBGEAC]2.0.CO;2.full

Adult mangabey monkey likely killed by martial eagle.

www.researchgate.net/profile/Thomas-Butynski/publication/262412111_Inferred_African_Crowned_Eagle_Stephanoaetus_coronatus_Predation_on_a_Tana_River_Mangabey_Cercocebus_galeritus/links/549805c20cf2eeefc30f5f05/Inferred-African-Crowned-Eagle-Stephanoaetus-coronatus-Predation-on-a-Tana-River-Mangabey-Cercocebus-galeritus.pdf

Wedged-tailed eagle predation attempts on kangaroos

Blackstone Range, WA., 7 May 1972. An eagle made repeated attacks on an
adult red kangaroo which was on its back under a low tree. The eagle fluttered
above, onto and beside the kangaroo, striking with its talons, and the kangaroo
defended itself by kicking with its hind and forelimbs. The attack continued for
10 min but the conclusion was not observed.
Ian Mahood (personal communication) witnessed wedge-tailed eagles kill an apparently healthy adult male red kangaroo by continually striking him on the head
and neck with their talons. A post-mortem examination showed that the cause
of death was a broken neck.

Also preyed on foxes and cats:

Foxes. On the Dry West Coast, eagles preyed readily on foxes Vulpes vulpes.
Fourteen fox tibias were collected from nests and 12 of these had unfused
epiphyses. The mean length of the unfused tibias was 10.1 cm (range 8 -5-1 1 -5).
This indicates that the majority of foxes taken were juveniles.
Cats. Cats Felis catus were preyed upon on the Dry West Coast with only two
records for other areas. All material which could be aged came from juvenile
animals.

www.publish.csiro.au/WR/WR9800433

Predation attempt on a pronghorn:
cwbm.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/6-Vol-4-Issue-1-Jones-et-al..pdf



Behavior of baboons indicate verreaux's eagles may attack immature hamadryas baboons.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1999)47:1%3C61::AID-AJP7%3E3.0.CO;2-K

[Supercommunist]

Ornate hawk-eagles eat vultures sometimes apparently.

link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03544444

[Supercommunist]

7 out of 13 white tailed eagles that were sent to the vet received their wounds from other eagles.

. Among 13 diagnosed fatalities of adult White-tailed Sea Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) arriving with traumatic injuries in German veterinary hospitals, seven (54%) were attributed to intraspecific fighting, and the remainder to human causes (Müller...

meridian.allenpress.com/rapt/article-abstract/55/1/112/462855/A-Revealing-Case-of-Territorial-Fighting-by-Golden

[Infinity Blade]

Martial eagles preying on lion cubs:

In many intact African savannah ecosystems, martial eagles are the top avian predator, while lions are the top terrestrial predator. Here, we report seven records of martial eagle predation or attempted predation of lion cubs in the greater Mara region, Kenya. These events resulted in the death of nine lion cubs, most of which were at least partially consumed, and are the first detailed records of this behaviour to be published. While these observations represent intraguild interactions, we suggest that they reflect neither intraguild predation nor interspecific killing. Rather, the ecology of both species coupled with the details of our records suggest that martial eagles opportunistically kill lion cubs purely to eat them. We hope that by publishing these records we will encourage others to share their observations of raptors predating on large mammalian carnivores, thus improving our understanding of a behaviour that we suspect may be more widespread than the current lack of evidence suggests.

FIGURE 2
Top: An adult martial eagle perched with prey in long grass in the northern Mara Triangle, Kenya on 15 August 2008. Bottom: A close-up photo of a ~6-week-old lion cub predated on by the martial eagle in the top photo on 15 August 2008. Note how the organs were fed on first and that the belly and back legs have been plucked. Photos courtesy of David Gulden.


FIGURE 3
An adult martial eagle feeding on a young lion cub in the Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya on 14 February 2013. Photo courtesy of Patrick Reynolds.


FIGURE 4
A recently fledged juvenile martial eagle taking off with a ~3-week-old lion cub on 15 March 2019 in Mara North Conservancy, Kenya. This juvenile martial eagle fledged from a known nest. The actual kill was not observed but based on the fledgling's behaviour we suspect that the adult female from this pair killed and provisioned this cub to the fledgling. Photo courtesy of Jes Lefcourt.


FIGURE 5
A juvenile martial eagle stands over a recently killed 4-week-old lion cub on 2 June 2023 in Lemek Conservancy, Kenya. Photo courtesy of Mike Saitoti.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.70148